Page 7 - York Global Science 4 - Earth & Space

Let’s Learn
Let’s Learn
Let’s Explore
Let’s Explore Let’s Learn sets out the main
concept that you need to know.
Let’s Explore gives you
the chance to work on
the c
a pra
a practical investigation Earth and Space Science
task
task as a group or with a
Let’s Le
partner.partn Let’s Learn r rn
Sedimentary rocks are made in layers. Particles of sand or mud settle out
of water. They get pushed together by other particles added slowly from the
water above. After a long time, they change into rock.
Earth and Space Science

Let’s Explore
Let’s Explore
p
t p
Erosion is when rocks or soil move to a different place. Water can do this.
feren
f
layer 3
You will find out about erosion.
Your teacher will give you three bottles like the ones in this picture. layer 2
e the on
n
layer 1
In this picture:
• Layer 1 was made fi rst. Layer 1 is the oldest.
1 2 3 • Then layer 2 was made on top.
• Layer 3 was made last. Layer 3 is the youngest rock layer.
m
a
so
m
n
d
Bottle 1 just has soil in it. Bottle 2 has soil and some leaves and twigs. Bottle
However, we do not always find the oldest rocks at the bottom, and the
3 has soil with living plants in it.
youngest rocks at the top. The Earth’s surface is made up of plates that
w much
You will put water on the soil and see how much erosion there is.
move. The plates only move very slowly. But over a long time they can pull
1 Which bottle do you think will have most erosion? Write your prediction in
o
st erosio
away from each other or push together. Look again at the picture in Let’s
the Workbook. Start. These rock layers folded when they pushed together. The oldest rocks
2 Fix a cup from the end of each bottle. Look at the picture to help you.
ook at th
are not always at the bottom now.
h
3 Your teacher will give you a cup of water. Put the water into the end of the
er. Put th
Sometimes the movement of the plates can make an earthquake happen.
c
om the c
first bottle. Put it into the end furthest from the cup. This can make rock layers break in some places. It can change which layers
h
what h
are closer to the surface. Sometimes magma escapes as lava from the
4 Look at what happens to the soil. Write what happens in the table in the
Workbook. volcano when the plates move. The magma turns into igneous rock.
A fossil can show if the rock layers changed. We know that some living
ttle. Is th
5 Look at the water coming out of the bottle. Is the water clear? Is there soil
h
in it? Add your answers to the Workbook. things, like the dinosaurs, were only on Earth at one time in history. The
ok.
6 Do the same for the other two bottles. fossils in a rock layer can help us decide how old it is. This can show
whether the order of the layers has changed. For example, older rock layers
ch cup. A
7 Look at how much water there is in each cup. Add your answers to
A
could be moved nearer the top by an Earth event.
Workbook.
8 Answer the questions in the Workbook. .
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Let’s Reflect
Let’s Reflect
happen
1 Write two ways that weathering or erosion happen.
sion
2 Describe what happens for each way you chose.
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Let’s Reflect
Let’s Reflect
Let’s Reflect allows you to think about what you
have just learned individually or with a partner.
7